Objective:
The study was designed to compare the postoperative analgesic efficacy of epidural tramadol or epidural morphine as adjuvant to levobupivacaine in major abdominal surgery.
Methods:
Patients in ASA I-II group aged between 18 and 65 years were included in study. Epidural catheter was introduced. Patients were randomised into three groups to receive levobupivacaine (Group L), levobupivacaine+morphine (Group LM) and levobupivacaine+tramadol (Group LT). General anaesthesia was administered to all patients. The solution intended for Group L contained 25 mg 0.5% levobupivacaine+15 mL saline, that for Group LM contained 25 mg 0.5% levobupivacaine+14.5 mL salin+100 μg morphine and that for Group LT contained 25 mg 0.5% levobupivacaine+13 mL salin+100 mg tramadol, which was administered via epidural catheter as loading dose 30 min before the end of the operation. Patient-controlled analgesia device was connected to the epidural catheter for evaluating postoperative analgesia. Bolus dose was adjusted to 12 mg levobupivacaine in Group L, 12 mg levobupivacaine +1.2 mg morphine in Group LM and 12 mg levobupivacaine+12 mg tramadol in Group LT. Lock-out period was adjusted to 15 min in three groups. Quality of analgesia was evaluated using Visual Analogue Scale; administered and demand doses of levobupivacaine, morphine and tramadol were compared at 30 min, 1, 2, 6, 12 and 24 h postoperatively.
Results:
Visual Analogue Scale scores were significantly higher in Group L than Groups LM and LT. Nausea and vomiting observed in Group L were lesser than those in Groups LM and LT.
Conclusion:
Continuous epidural analgesia using levobupivacaine combined with morphine or tramadol is an effective method for managing postoperative analgesia in major abdominal surgery.
Keywords: Analgesia, epidural patient-controlled, levobupivacaine, morphine, postoperative pain, tramadol