Objective:
Cricoid pressure, a manoeuver used to prevent pulmonary aspiration during rapid sequence induction, can result in deterioration of laryngeal view and increased haemodynamic changes. Its effect on laryngoscopy force remains unevaluated. The study aimed to assess the impact of cricoid pressure on laryngoscopy force and intubation characteristics during rapid sequence induction.
Methods:
Seventy American Society of Anaesthesiologists I/II patients, both sexes, aged 16-65, having non-obstetric emergency surgery were randomly assigned to the cricoid group, which received 30 N cricoid pressure during rapid sequence induction, and the sham group, which received 0 N pressure. Propofol, fentanyl, and succinylcholine were used to produce general anaesthesia. The primary outcome was the peak force of laryngoscopy. Secondary outcomes were the laryngoscopic view, time to execute endotracheal intubation, and intubation success rate.
Results:
With the application of cricoid pressure, the peak forces of laryngoscopy increased significantly, with a mean difference (95% CI) of 15.5 (13.8-17.2) N. With and without CP, the mean peak forces were 40.758 (4.2) and 25.2 (2.6) N, respectively, P < .001. Without cricoid pressure, the intubation success rate was 100%, compared to 85.7% with cricoid pressure, P = .025. The proportions of CL1/2A/2B patients with and without cricoid pressure were 5/23/7 and 17/15/3, respectively, with P = .005. With cricoid pressure, there was a considerable increase in intubation duration, with a mean difference (95% CI) of 24.4 (2.2-19.9) seconds.
Conclusion:
Cricoid pressure increases peak forces during laryngoscopy, resulting in worse intubation characteristics. This demonstrates the need of exercising care while performing this manoeuver.
Keywords: Anaesthesia, anaesthesia complications, airway, general anaesthesia, intubation, rapid sequence induction